CAS 56 - 75 - 7 corresponds to Chloramphenicol, a well - known broad - spectrum antibiotic. Chloramphenicol has optical isomers due to the presence of chiral centers in its chemical structure.
Chemical Structure and Chiral Centers of Chloramphenicol
Chloramphenicol has two chiral centers in its molecule. The chemical formula of chloramphenicol is (C_{11}H_{12}Cl_{2}N_{2}O_{5}). The chiral centers are located on the carbon atoms within the molecule, specifically on the carbon atoms adjacent to the hydroxyl and amino groups. The presence of these chiral centers means that chloramphenicol can exist in different stereoisomeric forms.
Optical Isomers of Chloramphenicol
There are four possible stereoisomers for a compound with two chiral centers. However, in the case of chloramphenicol, only the (D - (-)-threo) isomer has significant antibacterial activity. The (D - (-)-threo) isomer is the form that is used in medicine. The other isomers, such as the (L-(+)-threo) isomer and the two erythro isomers ((D-(+)-erythro) and (L - (-)-erythro)), have either much lower or no antibacterial activity at all.
The (D - (-)-threo) isomer has a specific three - dimensional arrangement of atoms around the chiral centers. This arrangement allows it to bind effectively to the bacterial ribosome, which is the target site for its antibacterial action. The ribosome is a complex molecular machine in bacteria that is responsible for protein synthesis. By binding to the ribosome, chloramphenicol inhibits the peptidyl transferase activity, thereby preventing the synthesis of bacterial proteins and ultimately leading to the death of the bacteria.
Importance of the Active Isomer
As a supplier of CAS 56 - 75 - 7 (chloramphenicol), we understand the critical role of providing the active (D - (-)-threo) isomer. In the pharmaceutical industry, the purity and stereochemical integrity of the active ingredient are of utmost importance. The use of the wrong isomer can lead to ineffective treatment, potential side - effects, and a waste of resources. For example, if a pharmaceutical manufacturer uses a mixture of isomers instead of the pure (D - (-)-threo) isomer, the product may not meet the required standards of efficacy.
Applications of Chloramphenicol
Chloramphenicol has a wide range of applications in the medical field. It is used to treat various bacterial infections, including those caused by Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Neisseria meningitidis. It can be used topically for eye infections, such as conjunctivitis, and systemically for more severe infections, although its systemic use has been somewhat restricted due to the potential for serious side - effects, such as aplastic anemia.
Comparison with Related Compounds
In the context of related compounds, we can look at some other substances with similar applications or chemical properties. For example, 4 - Aminobutyric Acid|CAS No.: 56 - 12 - 2 is an important neurotransmitter and has applications in the field of neuroscience and as a dietary supplement. Although it is not an antibiotic like chloramphenicol, it shows how different compounds with specific CAS numbers can have diverse biological functions.
Another related compound is L - Threonine CAS#72 - 19 - 5. L - Threonine is an essential amino acid. It is important for protein synthesis in the body. Similar to chloramphenicol, L - Threonine also has a specific stereoisomeric form (the L - form) that is biologically active. This shows the general principle in biochemistry that the stereochemistry of a molecule can have a profound impact on its biological activity.
Synthesis and Quality Control
The synthesis of chloramphenicol involves several chemical steps to ensure the formation of the correct stereoisomer. As a supplier, we have strict quality control measures in place to guarantee the purity and identity of the (D - (-)-threo) isomer. This includes using advanced analytical techniques such as high - performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. These techniques can accurately determine the stereochemical composition of the product and detect any impurities or unwanted isomers.
Market Demand and Supply
The market demand for chloramphenicol is still significant, especially in the veterinary and some niche medical markets. In veterinary medicine, it is used to treat a variety of infections in animals. As a reliable supplier, we are committed to meeting the market demand by providing high - quality chloramphenicol. We have a well - established supply chain that ensures the timely delivery of the product to our customers.
Regulatory Considerations
The production and distribution of chloramphenicol are subject to strict regulatory requirements. In many countries, its use in food - producing animals is highly regulated or even prohibited due to the potential for residues in food products. In the human pharmaceutical industry, the manufacturing process must comply with Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) to ensure the safety and efficacy of the product.
Future Prospects
With the continuous development of the pharmaceutical industry, there is a growing interest in the research and development of new antibiotics and the optimization of existing ones. For chloramphenicol, there may be opportunities to improve its formulation and delivery methods to reduce side - effects and enhance its antibacterial activity. Additionally, there may be potential applications in combination therapies with other antibiotics to overcome bacterial resistance.
Conclusion
In conclusion, as a supplier of CAS 56 - 75 - 7 (chloramphenicol), we are well - aware of the importance of the optical isomers of this compound. The (D - (-)-threo) isomer is the key to its antibacterial activity, and we are dedicated to providing high - quality products with the correct stereochemistry. Our strict quality control measures and reliable supply chain ensure that our customers receive the best - in - class chloramphenicol. If you are interested in purchasing chloramphenicol or have any questions regarding its optical isomers or applications, please feel free to contact us for further discussion and potential business cooperation.
References
- Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics.
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry textbooks on stereochemistry and antibiotic synthesis.
- Regulatory documents related to the production and use of chloramphenicol.