Product Description

Doramectin, with the chemical registry number CAS#117704-25-3, is a highly effective antiparasitic agent that has gained significant importance in the field of veterinary medicine.

Chemical Structure and Properties

Doramectin is a macrocyclic lactone compound belonging to the avermectin family. It is a semisynthetic derivative of avermectin B1, which is produced by the fermentation of the soil bacterium Streptomyces avermitilis.

The chemical structure of doramectin consists of a large macrocyclic lactone ring with several attached sugar moieties. This unique structure gives doramectin its potent antiparasitic activity.

In terms of physical properties, doramectin is a white to off-white crystalline powder. It is sparingly soluble in water but highly soluble in organic solvents such as methanol, ethanol, and acetone. Doramectin has a high melting point and is stable under normal storage conditions.

Mechanism of Action

Doramectin acts by binding to specific glutamate-gated chloride channels in the nerve cells of parasites. This binding leads to an increase in the permeability of the cell membrane to chloride ions, resulting in hyperpolarization of the nerve cell and paralysis of the parasite.

The drug is effective against a wide range of internal and external parasites, including roundworms, lungworms, lice, mites, and ticks. Doramectin has a broad spectrum of activity and a long duration of action, making it a valuable tool in the control of parasitic infections in livestock and companion animals.

Pharmacokinetics

When administered orally or by injection, doramectin is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract or the site of injection. The drug is then distributed throughout the body, reaching high concentrations in tissues such as the liver, lungs, and kidneys.

Doramectin has a long half-life, which allows for extended periods of activity. The drug is metabolized in the liver and excreted mainly in the feces. Some metabolites may also be excreted in the urine.

The pharmacokinetics of doramectin can vary depending on factors such as the species of animal, age, weight, and health status. Dosage adjustments may be necessary in certain cases to ensure optimal efficacy and safety.

Therapeutic Applications

Livestock Parasite Control

Doramectin is widely used in the treatment and prevention of parasitic infections in livestock, such as cattle, sheep, and pigs. It can be administered orally or by injection to control internal parasites such as roundworms, lungworms, and liver flukes. Doramectin is also effective against external parasites such as lice, mites, and ticks, helping to improve the health and productivity of livestock.

Companion Animal Parasite Control

In companion animals, such as dogs and cats, doramectin is used for the treatment and prevention of parasitic infections, including heartworms, roundworms, hookworms, and fleas. The drug can be administered orally or topically, depending on the formulation.

Aquaculture

Doramectin has also been used in aquaculture to control parasitic infections in fish and crustaceans. However, its use in aquaculture is limited due to potential environmental concerns.

Safety and Tolerance

Doramectin is generally considered safe and well-tolerated in animals. However, like any drug, it can cause side effects in some individuals. The most common side effects include mild gastrointestinal disturbances, such as vomiting and diarrhea, and transient lethargy.

In rare cases, more serious side effects such as allergic reactions, neurological disorders, and liver toxicity may occur. It is important to follow the recommended dosage and administration guidelines to minimize the risk of side effects. Animals with pre-existing liver or kidney disease may require special precautions and closer monitoring.

Administration and Dosage

Doramectin is available in various formulations, including oral tablets, injectable solutions, and topical preparations. The dosage and administration route depend on the species of animal, the type of parasitic infection being treated, and the weight of the animal.

For oral administration, the tablets are usually given once or twice a week. Injectable solutions are typically administered once every few weeks. Topical preparations are applied directly to the skin.

It is important to consult a veterinarian for accurate dosing instructions and to ensure the proper use of the drug. Overdosing or incorrect administration can lead to adverse effects and reduced efficacy.

Conclusion

Doramectin is a highly effective antiparasitic agent that has made a significant contribution to the health and well-being of animals. Its broad spectrum of activity, long duration of action, and relatively safe profile make it a valuable tool in the control of parasitic infections in livestock, companion animals, and aquaculture.

However, as with any drug, proper use and dosage are essential to ensure efficacy and safety. Veterinarians play a crucial role in determining the appropriate treatment regimen based on the specific needs of each animal.

With continued research and development, doramectin and other antiparasitic drugs will continue to evolve, providing improved options for the prevention and treatment of parasitic infections and contributing to the sustainable production of healthy animals.

Doramectin Basic information

Product Name	Doramectin
CAS	117704-25-3
MF	C50H74O14
MW	899.11
EINECS	601-490-4

Doramectin Chemical Properties

Melting point	116-119℃
Boiling point	967.4±65.0°C (Predicted)
Density	1.25±0.1 g/cm3 (Predicted)
Storage temp.	Sealed in dry, Store in freezer, under -20°C
Solubility	Methanol: soluble
Form	Solid
Color	White