Product Description

Glucosamine, with the chemical registry number CAS#3416-24-8, is a naturally occurring compound that has gained significant attention in the field of health and wellness due to its potential benefits for joint health and other aspects of the body.

Chemical Structure and Properties

Glucosamine is an amino sugar, which means it is a sugar molecule with an amino group attached. It is derived from glucose and has the chemical formula C6H13NO5. Glucosamine exists in several forms, including glucosamine sulfate, glucosamine hydrochloride, and N-acetyl glucosamine.

In terms of physical properties, glucosamine is a white crystalline powder that is soluble in water. It has a slightly sweet taste and is stable under normal storage conditions. The different forms of glucosamine may have slightly different properties, such as solubility and bioavailability.

Sources and Biosynthesis

Glucosamine is naturally produced in the body by cells called chondrocytes, which are found in cartilage. Chondrocytes synthesize glucosamine from glucose and amino acids, and it is an important component of the extracellular matrix of cartilage. Glucosamine is also found in small amounts in some foods, such as shellfish, bone broth, and certain fruits and vegetables.

In addition to natural sources, glucosamine can be produced synthetically for use as a dietary supplement. Synthetic glucosamine is typically made from shellfish shells or other natural sources and is processed to produce a pure and standardized product.

Biological Activities

Joint Health

One of the main biological activities of glucosamine is its potential role in maintaining joint health. Cartilage is a connective tissue that cushions the joints and allows for smooth movement. As we age, the cartilage in our joints can degenerate, leading to pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility. Glucosamine is thought to help support cartilage health by providing the building blocks for its synthesis and repair.

Studies have shown that glucosamine may help reduce joint pain and inflammation, improve joint function, and slow the progression of osteoarthritis. However, the results of these studies have been mixed, and more research is needed to fully understand the effectiveness of glucosamine for joint health.

Anti-Inflammatory Effects

Glucosamine may also have anti-inflammatory properties. Inflammation is a natural response of the body to injury or infection, but chronic inflammation can contribute to the development of many diseases, including arthritis, heart disease, and cancer. Glucosamine has been shown to reduce the production of inflammatory cytokines and enzymes, which may help reduce inflammation in the body.

However, the anti-inflammatory effects of glucosamine are not fully understood, and more research is needed to determine its potential as an anti-inflammatory agent.

Other Potential Benefits

In addition to its effects on joint health and inflammation, glucosamine may have other potential benefits. Some studies have suggested that it may improve skin health, enhance immune function, and have a positive effect on gut health. However, more research is needed to confirm these effects and determine the optimal dosage and duration of use.

Applications

Dietary Supplements

Glucosamine is widely available as a dietary supplement in various forms, including capsules, tablets, powders, and liquids. It is often combined with other ingredients such as chondroitin sulfate, MSM (methylsulfonylmethane), and vitamin C to enhance its effectiveness. Dietary supplements containing glucosamine are marketed for their potential benefits for joint health, and they are commonly used by people with osteoarthritis or other joint problems.

However, it is important to note that the effectiveness and safety of glucosamine supplements may vary depending on the quality and purity of the product, as well as individual factors such as age, health status, and medication use. It is advisable to consult a healthcare professional before taking glucosamine supplements.

Cosmetics

Glucosamine is also used in some cosmetics and skincare products due to its potential benefits for skin health. It is thought to help improve skin hydration, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and enhance skin elasticity. However, more research is needed to confirm these effects and determine the optimal concentration and formulation of glucosamine in cosmetics.

Veterinary Medicine

Glucosamine is also used in veterinary medicine to treat joint problems in animals, such as dogs and cats. It is available in various forms for animal use, including chewable tablets, powders, and liquids. The use of glucosamine in veterinary medicine is based on the same principles as its use in humans, and it is thought to help support joint health and reduce pain and inflammation.

Safety and Toxicity

Glucosamine is generally considered safe when taken as directed. However, some people may experience mild side effects such as nausea, diarrhea, constipation, and stomach upset. These side effects are usually mild and go away on their own. In rare cases, more serious side effects such as allergic reactions, liver damage, and blood sugar changes have been reported.

People with shellfish allergies should be cautious when taking glucosamine supplements, as some products may be derived from shellfish. Glucosamine may also interact with certain medications, such as blood thinners and diabetes medications, so it is important to consult a healthcare professional before taking glucosamine if you are taking any medications.

In conclusion, glucosamine is a naturally occurring compound with potential benefits for joint health and other aspects of the body. It is available as a dietary supplement and is also used in some cosmetics and veterinary products. While more research is needed to fully understand its effectiveness and safety, glucosamine may be a useful option for people looking to support joint health and reduce pain and inflammation. As with any supplement or medication, it is important to consult a healthcare professional before taking glucosamine to determine if it is right for you.

Glucosamine Basic information

Product Name	Glucosamine
CAS	3416-24-8
MF	C6H13NO5
MW	179.17
EINECS	222-311-2

Glucosamine Chemical Properties

Boiling point	311.69°C (rough estimate)
Density	1.3767 (rough estimate)
Refractive index	1.4240 (estimate)
Storage temp.	Keep in dark place, Sealed in dry, Room Temperature
Solubility	DMSO: 23.0 (Max Conc. mg/mL); 128.37 (Max Conc. mM) Water: 36.0 (Max Conc. mg/mL); 200.93 (Max Conc. mM)
Melting point	88°C
Form	Solid
Color	White to Off-White