Product Description
Hyaluronic acid, also known as hyaluronan, is a naturally occurring polysaccharide with the chemical registry number CAS#9004-61-9. It is widely distributed in the human body and is found in high concentrations in the skin, joints, and eyes. Due to its unique properties and numerous benefits, hyaluronic acid has become a popular ingredient in various cosmetic and medical products.
Chemical Structure and Properties
Hyaluronic acid is a linear polysaccharide composed of repeating disaccharide units of glucuronic acid and N-acetylglucosamine. It has a high molecular weight, ranging from several hundred thousand to several million Daltons. This large molecular size gives hyaluronic acid its unique rheological properties, making it highly viscous and able to hold large amounts of water.
In terms of physical properties, hyaluronic acid is a white, odorless, and tasteless powder. It is highly soluble in water and forms a clear, viscous solution. Hyaluronic acid is stable under normal conditions but can be degraded by enzymes such as hyaluronidase.
Sources and Biosynthesis
Hyaluronic acid is naturally produced by many organisms, including humans. In the human body, it is synthesized by specialized cells called fibroblasts. These cells produce hyaluronic acid and secrete it into the extracellular matrix, where it plays an important role in maintaining tissue hydration and structure.
In addition to being produced in the body, hyaluronic acid can also be extracted from natural sources such as rooster combs and certain bacteria. However, most commercial hyaluronic acid is produced through fermentation using Streptococcus zooepidemicus or other bacteria.
Biological Functions
Tissue Hydration
One of the main functions of hyaluronic acid is to provide hydration to tissues. It has the ability to bind large amounts of water, up to 1000 times its own weight, which helps to keep tissues moist and supple. This property is particularly important in the skin, where hyaluronic acid helps to maintain skin hydration and elasticity.
In the joints, hyaluronic acid acts as a shock absorber and lubricant, reducing friction between bones and protecting the joint surfaces. In the eyes, it helps to maintain the shape and hydration of the cornea.
Wound Healing
Hyaluronic acid also plays an important role in wound healing. It can stimulate the migration and proliferation of cells involved in wound repair, such as fibroblasts and endothelial cells. Hyaluronic acid also helps to regulate the inflammatory response and promote the formation of new blood vessels, which are essential for wound healing.
Cell Signaling
In addition to its physical functions, hyaluronic acid can also act as a signaling molecule. It can bind to specific receptors on the cell surface and trigger intracellular signaling pathways, which can regulate cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration. For example, hyaluronic acid has been shown to promote the growth and differentiation of stem cells, which may have potential applications in regenerative medicine.
Applications
Cosmetics
Hyaluronic acid is widely used in cosmetics due to its hydrating and anti-aging properties. It is often found in skincare products such as moisturizers, serums, and masks. Hyaluronic acid can help to improve skin hydration, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and enhance skin elasticity.
In addition to topical applications, hyaluronic acid can also be injected into the skin for cosmetic purposes. Dermal fillers containing hyaluronic acid are used to plump up lips, smooth out wrinkles, and restore volume to the face.
Medical
Hyaluronic acid has many medical applications as well. In ophthalmology, it is used as a viscoelastic agent during eye surgeries to protect the cornea and maintain intraocular pressure. In orthopedics, hyaluronic acid injections are used to treat osteoarthritis by lubricating the joints and reducing pain.
Hyaluronic acid is also being investigated for its potential use in wound healing, drug delivery, and tissue engineering. For example, hyaluronic acid-based scaffolds can be used to grow new tissues and organs for transplantation.
Nutraceuticals
Hyaluronic acid is also available as a dietary supplement. It is claimed to have benefits for joint health, skin health, and overall well-being. However, the efficacy of hyaluronic acid supplements is still under investigation, and more research is needed to determine their safety and effectiveness.
Safety and Toxicity
Hyaluronic acid is generally considered safe when used appropriately. Topical applications of hyaluronic acid are well tolerated, and adverse reactions are rare. Injectable hyaluronic acid dermal fillers are also considered safe when administered by trained professionals. However, as with any medical procedure, there is a risk of side effects such as swelling, bruising, and infection.
When taken as a dietary supplement, hyaluronic acid is also generally considered safe. However, high doses may cause digestive issues such as bloating and diarrhea. As with any supplement, it is important to consult a healthcare professional before taking hyaluronic acid supplements.
In conclusion, hyaluronic acid is a versatile and important molecule with numerous benefits for skin health, joint health, and wound healing. Its unique properties make it a popular ingredient in cosmetics, medical products, and nutraceuticals. However, more research is needed to fully understand its mechanisms of action and potential applications. As with any product, it is important to use hyaluronic acid products safely and under the guidance of a healthcare professional.
Hyaluronic acid Basic information
|
Product Name |
Hyaluronic acid |
|
CAS |
9004-61-9 |
|
MF |
C14H22NNaO11 |
|
MW |
403.31 |
|
EINECS |
232-678-0 |
Hyaluronic acid Chemical Properties
|
Solubility |
H2O: 5 mg/mL, clear, colorless |
|
Form |
Lyophilized Powder |
|
Color |
White |
|
Odor |
Odorless |
|
Water Solubility |
Soluble in water. |
Hot Tags: hyaluronic acid cas#9004-61-9, China hyaluronic acid cas#9004-61-9 manufacturers, suppliers, CAS 9041 08 1, , medical raw materials CAS 56 75 7, Biopharmaceuticals
