Product Description

L-(+)-Ergothioneine, with the chemical registry number CAS#497-30-3, is a unique and fascinating compound that has gained significant attention in recent years due to its potential health benefits and diverse applications.

Chemical Structure and Properties

L-(+)-Ergothioneine is a sulfur-containing amino acid derivative. Its chemical structure consists of a thione group, a histidine-like imidazole ring, and a trimethylammonium group. This unique structure gives ergothioneine distinct chemical and physical properties.

In terms of appearance, ergothioneine is a white crystalline powder. It is highly soluble in water and has a relatively high melting point. Ergothioneine is stable under normal conditions and is not easily degraded by heat, light, or oxidation.

Sources and Biosynthesis

Ergothioneine is mainly found in certain foods, such as mushrooms, black beans, and liver. It is also produced by some bacteria and fungi. In humans, ergothioneine is absorbed from the diet and transported to various tissues and organs.

The biosynthesis of ergothioneine occurs in certain microorganisms. It involves a series of enzymatic reactions that convert cysteine and histidine into ergothioneine. Humans lack the enzymes necessary for ergothioneine biosynthesis, so we must obtain it from our diet.

Biological Activities

Antioxidant Activity

Ergothioneine is a powerful antioxidant. It can scavenge free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are known to cause oxidative damage to cells and tissues. By neutralizing these harmful molecules, ergothioneine helps protect cells from oxidative stress and reduces the risk of various diseases associated with oxidative damage, such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders.

For example, in vitro studies have shown that ergothioneine can protect cells from hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative damage by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes and reducing lipid peroxidation.

Neuroprotective Activity

Ergothioneine may have neuroprotective effects. It can protect neurons from damage caused by oxidative stress, inflammation, and excitotoxicity. By preserving neuronal function, ergothioneine may help prevent and treat neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease.

For instance, in vitro studies have demonstrated that ergothioneine can protect neurons from amyloid-beta-induced toxicity, a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease.

Anti-inflammatory Activity

Ergothioneine also has anti-inflammatory properties. It can suppress the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, which are involved in the inflammatory response. By reducing inflammation, ergothioneine may help prevent and treat various inflammatory diseases, such as arthritis, asthma, and inflammatory bowel disease.

In animal studies, ergothioneine has been shown to reduce inflammation in models of arthritis and colitis.

Cardioprotective Activity

Ergothioneine may offer cardioprotective benefits. It can improve cardiac function, reduce myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, and prevent the development of cardiovascular diseases. Ergothioneine achieves these effects by modulating multiple signaling pathways involved in cardiac physiology and pathology.

In clinical studies, ergothioneine levels have been inversely associated with the risk of cardiovascular diseases.

Applications

Food and Dietary Supplements

Due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, ergothioneine is being added to various foods and dietary supplements. It can be found in functional foods, such as energy bars, beverages, and powders. Consumers can benefit from the health-promoting effects of ergothioneine by incorporating these products into their diet.

For example, some companies are marketing ergothioneine-enriched mushrooms as a natural source of this beneficial compound.

Cosmetics and Personal Care Products

Ergothioneine is also being used in cosmetics and personal care products. Its antioxidant properties can help protect the skin from oxidative damage caused by environmental factors, such as UV radiation and pollution. Ergothioneine can also help reduce inflammation and improve skin hydration, making it an ideal ingredient for anti-aging and skin care products.

For instance, some skincare products contain ergothioneine as a key ingredient to promote healthy and youthful-looking skin.

Pharmaceutical Industry

Ergothioneine has potential applications in the pharmaceutical industry. It may be developed into drugs for the prevention and treatment of various diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and inflammatory diseases. Researchers are currently exploring the therapeutic potential of ergothioneine through preclinical and clinical studies.

For example, some studies are investigating the use of ergothioneine as an adjunct therapy for cancer treatment to enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy and reduce side effects.

Safety and Toxicity

Ergothioneine is generally considered safe and well-tolerated. In animal studies, high doses of ergothioneine did not cause significant toxicity or adverse effects. However, as with any dietary supplement or drug, caution should be exercised when using ergothioneine, especially in individuals with underlying medical conditions or those taking other medications.

It is important to note that the safety and efficacy of ergothioneine in humans have not been fully established. More research is needed to determine the optimal dosage, long-term safety, and potential interactions with other substances.

In conclusion, L-(+)-Ergothioneine (CAS#497-30-3) is a unique and promising compound with diverse biological activities and potential applications. Its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and cardioprotective properties make it an attractive candidate for the development of functional foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. As research continues to unfold, we can expect to learn more about the benefits and applications of ergothioneine in promoting human health and well-being.

L-(+)-Ergothioneine Basic information

Product Name	L-(+)-Ergothioneine
CAS	497-30-3
MF	C9H15N3O2S
MW	229.3

L-(+)-Ergothioneine Chemical Properties

Melting point	275-277°C (dec.)
Density	1.2541 (rough estimate)
Refractive index	1.6740 (estimate)
Solubility	Soluble in Water (up to 10 mg/ml)
Form	White solid.
Color	White or off-white