Product Description
N-Acetylneuraminic acid, also known as sialic acid, with the chemical registry number CAS#131-48-6, is a crucial biomolecule with significant importance in various biological processes and applications.
Chemical Structure and Properties
N-Acetylneuraminic acid is a nine-carbon monosaccharide derivative. Its chemical structure consists of a pyranose ring with several functional groups, including an acetylamino group, a carboxyl group, and hydroxyl groups. This unique structure gives it distinct chemical and physical properties.
In terms of appearance, N-Acetylneuraminic acid is a white crystalline powder. It is soluble in water and has a certain degree of acidity due to the presence of the carboxyl group. The molecule is relatively stable under normal conditions but can undergo various chemical reactions, such as hydrolysis and acetylation.
Sources and Biosynthesis
N-Acetylneuraminic acid is widely distributed in nature. It is found in many biological tissues and fluids, especially in mammalian cells. In humans, it is an important component of glycoproteins and glycolipids on the cell surface.
The biosynthesis of N-Acetylneuraminic acid occurs in a series of enzymatic reactions. It starts from glucose and proceeds through several intermediate steps to form N-Acetylneuraminic acid. This process is tightly regulated and plays a crucial role in maintaining the normal physiological functions of the body.
Biological Activities
Immune System Regulation
N-Acetylneuraminic acid plays an important role in the immune system. It is involved in the recognition and binding of immune cells to pathogens and tumor cells. By modifying the surface of cells, N-Acetylneuraminic acid can influence the immune response and help the body defend against infections and diseases.
For example, certain immune cells express receptors that specifically recognize N-Acetylneuraminic acid on the surface of pathogens, triggering an immune response.
Neurological Function
N-Acetylneuraminic acid is also essential for normal neurological function. It is present in high concentrations in the brain and is involved in neural development, synaptic plasticity, and cognitive function. Studies have shown that alterations in N-Acetylneuraminic acid metabolism may be associated with neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia.
For instance, changes in the levels of N-Acetylneuraminic acid-containing glycoproteins have been observed in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease.
Cell Signaling and Communication
N-Acetylneuraminic acid participates in cell signaling and communication. It can bind to specific receptors on the cell surface and trigger intracellular signaling pathways, leading to various cellular responses. For example, it can regulate cell adhesion, migration, and proliferation.
In addition, N-Acetylneuraminic acid can also act as a ligand for lectins, which are proteins that bind to carbohydrates and play important roles in cell-cell recognition and adhesion.
Applications
Pharmaceuticals
N-Acetylneuraminic acid has potential applications in the pharmaceutical industry. It can be used as a drug target for the development of new therapies for various diseases. For example, drugs that target the enzymes involved in N-Acetylneuraminic acid biosynthesis or metabolism may be developed to treat cancer, infectious diseases, and neurological disorders.
In addition, N-Acetylneuraminic acid can also be used as a drug itself. It has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties and may be beneficial for the treatment of certain inflammatory diseases.
Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods
N-Acetylneuraminic acid can be added to nutraceuticals and functional foods to provide health benefits. It may help improve immune function, cognitive function, and overall health. For example, it can be included in dietary supplements for elderly people or people with weakened immune systems.
Cosmetics
N-Acetylneuraminic acid is also used in cosmetics. It can be added to skincare products to improve skin hydration, elasticity, and smoothness. It may also help reduce the appearance of wrinkles and fine lines.
For instance, some anti-aging creams and serums contain N-Acetylneuraminic acid as an active ingredient.
Safety and Toxicity
N-Acetylneuraminic acid is generally considered safe for use in pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, and cosmetics. However, as with any substance, excessive intake or use may cause adverse effects. For example, high doses of N-Acetylneuraminic acid may cause gastrointestinal discomfort or allergic reactions in some people.
It is important to note that the safety and efficacy of N-Acetylneuraminic acid products should be evaluated through scientific studies and clinical trials. Consumers should also follow the recommended dosages and usage instructions to ensure safe and effective use.
In conclusion, N-Acetylneuraminic acid (CAS#131-48-6) is a biologically important molecule with diverse applications. Its unique chemical structure and biological activities make it a valuable target for drug development and a useful ingredient in nutraceuticals, functional foods, and cosmetics. With further research and development, N-Acetylneuraminic acid is likely to play an even more significant role in improving human health and well-being.
N-Acetylneuraminic acid Basic information
|
Product Name |
N-Acetylneuraminic acid |
|
CAS |
131-48-6 |
|
MF |
C11H19NO9 |
|
MW |
309.27 |
|
EINECS |
205-023-1 |
|
Mol File |
131-48-6.mol |
N-Acetylneuraminic acid Chemical Properties
|
Melting point |
184-186°C |
|
Boiling point |
449.56°C (rough estimate) |
|
Density |
1.3580 (rough estimate) |
|
Solubility |
50 g/L (20°C) |
|
Form |
Synthetic, crystalline |
|
Color |
White to Off-White |
|
Water Solubility |
50 g/L (20℃) |
|
Sensitive |
Air Sensitive |
|
Stability |
Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. |
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