Product Description

2'-Fucosyllactose (2'-FL), with the chemical registry number CAS#41263-94-9, is a unique and important oligosaccharide that has gained significant attention in recent years due to its numerous beneficial properties and applications.

Chemical Structure and Properties

2'-FL is a trisaccharide composed of lactose and a fucose molecule attached to the galactose moiety of lactose at the 2' position. Its chemical formula is C18H32O15.

In terms of physical properties, 2'-FL is a white to off-white powder that is soluble in water. It has a sweet taste and is relatively stable under normal storage conditions. The molecule has a specific rotation of about +120° (c = 1, water).

Sources and Biosynthesis

2'-FL is naturally present in human milk, where it is one of the most abundant oligosaccharides. It is synthesized by the mammary gland of lactating women through a complex enzymatic process. In addition to human milk, 2'-FL can also be found in small amounts in some other biological sources, such as cow's milk and certain plants.

However, due to the limited availability of natural sources, 2'-FL is often produced synthetically or through fermentation processes. Synthetic production methods involve chemical synthesis or enzymatic synthesis using specific enzymes. Fermentation processes use genetically engineered bacteria or yeast to produce 2'-FL.

Biological Activities

Prebiotic Activity

One of the main biological activities of 2'-FL is its prebiotic effect. Prebiotics are non-digestible compounds that selectively stimulate the growth and activity of beneficial bacteria in the gut. 2'-FL is selectively fermented by specific strains of beneficial bacteria, such as bifidobacteria and lactobacilli, which are important for maintaining a healthy gut microbiota.

By promoting the growth of these beneficial bacteria, 2'-FL can help improve gut health, enhance digestion, and strengthen the immune system.

Anti-Infective Properties

2'-FL has also been shown to have anti-infective properties. It can bind to pathogens, such as bacteria and viruses, and prevent them from adhering to the intestinal epithelium. This can help reduce the risk of infections and improve the body's defense against pathogens.

For example, studies have shown that 2'-FL can bind to certain strains of pathogenic E. coli and Salmonella, reducing their ability to cause infections.

Immune Modulation

2'-FL can modulate the immune system by interacting with immune cells in the gut. It can stimulate the production of cytokines and other immune mediators, which can enhance the immune response and protect against infections.

In addition, 2'-FL can also help regulate the balance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses, which is important for maintaining a healthy immune system.

Brain Development

Some studies suggest that 2'-FL may play a role in brain development. It can cross the blood-brain barrier and interact with neural cells, potentially influencing cognitive function and brain development.

However, more research is needed to fully understand the effects of 2'-FL on brain development.

Applications

Infant Nutrition

2'-FL is widely used in infant formula as a functional ingredient to mimic the benefits of human milk oligosaccharides. Infant formulas containing 2'-FL can help support the growth and development of infants by providing prebiotic effects, enhancing immune function, and reducing the risk of infections.

In addition, 2'-FL can also improve the palatability and digestibility of infant formulas.

Functional Foods and Beverages

2'-FL can be added to functional foods and beverages to provide health benefits. For example, it can be incorporated into yogurts, juices, and dietary supplements. Functional foods and beverages containing 2'-FL are becoming increasingly popular as consumers become more aware of the importance of gut health and immune function.

Pharmaceuticals

2'-FL is also being explored for its potential applications in pharmaceuticals. It may be used as a drug delivery agent or as an ingredient in drugs for the treatment of certain diseases, such as infectious diseases and immune disorders.

However, more research is needed to determine the safety and efficacy of 2'-FL in pharmaceutical applications.

Safety and Toxicity

2'-FL is generally considered safe for consumption. It is naturally present in human milk and has been consumed by infants for centuries without any reported adverse effects. Synthetic or fermented 2'-FL is also considered safe when produced under proper manufacturing conditions.

However, as with any new ingredient, it is important to conduct thorough safety evaluations to ensure its safety for human consumption. This includes studies on toxicity, allergenicity, and long-term effects.

In conclusion, 2'-fucosyllactose (CAS#41263-94-9) is a unique and important oligosaccharide with numerous beneficial properties and applications. Its prebiotic activity, anti-infective properties, immune modulation, and potential role in brain development make it a valuable ingredient in infant nutrition, functional foods, and pharmaceuticals. As research continues to uncover more about the benefits of 2'-FL, it is likely to play an increasingly important role in promoting human health.

2'-Focusllactose Basic information

Product Name	2'-Focusllactose
CAS	41263-94-9
MF	C18H32O15
MW	488.44

2'-Focusllactose Chemical Properties

Melting point	230-231°C (decomp)
Boiling point	902.2±65.0°C (Predicted)
Density	1.548 g/cm3
Solubility	H2O: soluble 2mg + 0.2mL, clear, colorless
Form	Solid
Color	Off-White to Pale Yellow
Stability	Hygroscopic